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POWER STORAGE DEVICE, AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING POWER STORAGE DEVICE

NºPublicación:  US2025210727A1 26/06/2025
Solicitante: 
PANASONIC INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY MAN CO LTD [JP]
Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd
CN_118591858_PA

Resumen de: US2025210727A1

A power storage device disclosed herein includes at least one first electrode in layer form, at least one second electrode in layer form, and at least one solid electrolyte layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode and including a first solid electrolyte. The electric storage device further includes a composite layer including a carbon material and a second solid electrolyte, at least one boundary selected from the group consisting of a first boundary between the first electrode and the solid electrolyte layer and a second boundary between the second electrode and the solid electrolyte layer.

METHOD FOR PRODUCTION OF LAMINATED SOLID ELECTROLYTE-BASED COMPONENTS AND ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS USING SAME

NºPublicación:  US2025210721A1 26/06/2025
Solicitante: 
SOLID POWER OPERATING INC [US]
Solid Power Operating, Inc
JP_2023536628_A

Resumen de: US2025210721A1

A method for producing a solid electrolyte-based electrochemical cell by dry laminating the solid electrolyte layers to active material layers to form composite components, contacting composite components, and packaging the contacted composite components to form a solid electrolyte-based electrochemical cell.

INTELLIGENT CELL, BATTERY MODULE AND BATTERY PACK

NºPublicación:  US2025210735A1 26/06/2025
Solicitante: 
ZHAO YIJUN [CN]
ZHAO Yijun
WO_2023185894_PA

Resumen de: US2025210735A1

There are provided an intelligent cell, a battery module (100) containing the intelligent cell, and a battery pack (600) containing the battery module (100). The intelligent cell contains a cell unit (110), an internal switch circuit (120) and a local controller (130), wherein the internal switch circuit (120) is coupled to a positive electrode or a negative electrode of the cell unit (110). The local controller (130) comprises an internal detection unit (131), a communication unit (132) and a processing unit (133), wherein the internal detection unit (131) is configured to detect a state parameter of the cell unit (110), and the state parameter comprises at least one of an input voltage, an output voltage, and a temperature. The communication unit (132) is configured to establish a communication connection with a device external to the intelligent cell, and the processing unit (133) is coupled to the internal switch circuit (120), the internal detection unit (131) and the communication unit (132), and the processing unit (133) is configured to control on-off of the internal switch circuit (120) based on the state parameter or in response to a control command received by the communication unit (132).

VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG EINER ELEKTROCHEMISCHEN SPEICHERZELLE UND ELEKTROCHEMISCHEN SPEICHERZELLE

NºPublicación:  DE102023135904A1 26/06/2025
Solicitante: 
BAYERISCHE MOTOREN WERKE AG [DE]
Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft
DE_102023135904_PA

Resumen de: DE102023135904A1

Vorgestellt wird ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer elektrochemischen Speicherzelle. Das Verfahren umfasst die Schritte:- Bereitstellen einer flachen, im Wesentlichen kreisförmigen Kontaktscheibe (200) mit wenigstens zwei Kontaktsegmenten (201, 202), die jeweils einen Kreisausschnitt der Kontaktscheibe (200) formen und symmetrisch um den Mittelpunkt (204) der Kontaktscheibe (200) angeordnet sind, und wobei zwischen den Kontaktsegmenten (201, 202) Kreisausschnitte (205, 206) aus der Kontaktscheibe (200) ausgenommen und symmetrisch um den Mittelpunkt (204) der Kontaktscheibe (204) angeordnet sind,- Anordnen eines Elektrodenwickels (190) in einem zylindrischen Zellgehäuse (110), wobei der Elektrodenwickel (190) eine Elektrodenschichtenfolge (1) umfasst,- Kontaktieren des Elektrodenwickels (190), indem ein Randbereich der Elektrodenschichtenfolge mit einer ersten Fläche der Kontaktsegmente (201, 202) der Kontaktscheibe (200) in Kontakt gebracht wird, und- Verschweißen des Elektrodenwickels (190) mit der Kontaktscheibe, indem eine von der ersten Fläche der Kontaktscheibe (200) abgewandte zweite Fläche (208) der Kontaktsegmente (201, 202) mit Schweißbögen (209) beaufschlagt wird, wobei die Schweißbögen (209) zumindest teilweise konzentrisch um den Mittelpunkt (204) angeordnet werden.

KÜHLSYSTEM FÜR EINE BATTERIE EINES ELEKTROFAHRZEUGS

NºPublicación:  DE102024133559A1 26/06/2025
Solicitante: 
MERCEDES BENZ GROUP AG [DE]
Mercedes-Benz Group AG
DE_102024133559_PA

Resumen de: DE102024133559A1

Ein Kühlsystem (100) für eine Batterie (102) eines Elektrofahrzeugs wird offenbart. Das Kühlsystem umfasst eine erste Kühlmittelplatte (104), die sich in einem sinusförmigen Muster erstreckt, eine zweite Kühlmittelplatte (106), die von der ersten Kühlmittelplatte beabstandet ist und sich in einem sinusförmigen Muster erstreckt. Jede Zellenreihe einer Vielzahl von Zellenreihen (108) der Batterie ist an mindestens einer der ersten Kühlmittelplatte oder der zweiten Kühlmittelplatte befestigt, und die Konfiguration benachbarter Zellenreihen der Vielzahl von Zellenreihen wechselt zwischen einem nach oben gerichteten Anschlussende (110a) und einem nach unten gerichteten Anschlussende. Das Kühlsystem umfasst ferner einen Kühlmitteldurchgang (112), der zwischen der ersten Kühlmittelplatte und der zweiten Kühlmittelplatte definiert ist, um den Durchfluss eines Kühlmittels zur Kühlung der Batterie des Elektrofahrzeugs zu ermöglichen.

Batteriemodul mit einer Schutzabdeckung, Kraftfahrzeug und Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Batteriemoduls

NºPublicación:  DE102023135781A1 26/06/2025
Solicitante: 
AUDI AG [DE]
AUDI Aktiengesellschaft
DE_102023135781_PA

Resumen de: DE102023135781A1

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Batteriemodul (10) mit mindestens einer ersten Schutzabdeckung (22a), wobei das Batteriemodul (10) mindestens eine Batteriezelle (14) aufweist, die ein erstes Polterminal (16) und eine freigebbare Zellentgasungsöffnung (24) aufweist, wobei das Batteriemodul (10) eine erste Modulseite (26) aufweist, die einen ersten Terminalbereich (28a) und einen vom ersten Terminalbereich (28a) verschiedenen zweiten Bereich (30) umfasst, wobei das erste Polterminal (16) im ersten Terminalbereich (28a) und die freigebbare Zellentgasungsöffnung (24) außerhalb des ersten Terminalbereichs (28a) angeordnet ist. Dabei ist die erste Schutzabdeckung (22a) im ersten Terminalbereich (28a), beschränkt auf den ersten Terminalbereich (28a) und das erste Polterminal (16) überdeckend angeordnet.

BATTERY HOUSING SHELL, BATTERY HOUSING COMPRISING A BATTERY HOUSING SHELL, AND BATTERY COMPRISING A BATTERY HOUSING SHELL

NºPublicación:  WO2025132185A1 26/06/2025
Solicitante: 
KAUTEX TEXTRON GMBH & CO KG [DE]
KAUTEX TEXTRON GMBH & CO. KG
DE_102023136058_PA

Resumen de: WO2025132185A1

The present invention relates to a battery housing shell (10) for receiving at least one battery component in an receiving volume (1) that is at least partially defined by the battery housing shell (10), wherein the battery housing shell (10) has a channel base surface (11) and a first connection surface (21) that is at least indirectly connected to the channel base surface (11). The battery housing shell (10) has a cover layer (30) that is fluid-tightly connected to the first connection surface (21) such that a channel volume (41) is formed which is defined by the channel base surface (11) and the cover layer (30). A coolant inlet (50) of the battery housing shell (10) and a coolant outlet (60) of the battery housing shell (10) are fluidically connected to the channel volume (41), thereby forming a coolant channel (40), and a cooling surface (31) of the cover layer (30), which cooling surface faces away from the channel volume (41), faces the receiving volume (1) and is designed to contact the battery component. The invention also relates to a battery housing comprising the battery housing shell (10) and to a battery comprising the battery housing shell (10).

LITHIUM SUPPLEMENT SLURRY, POSITIVE ELECTRODE SLURRY, SECONDARY BATTERY, SECONDARY BATTERY PREPARATION METHOD, AND ELECTRICAL DEVICE

NºPublicación:  US2025210660A1 26/06/2025
Solicitante: 
CONTEMPORARY AMPEREX TECH HONG KONG LIMITED [CN]
Contemporary Amperex Technology (Hong Kong) Limited
CN_118648140_PA

Resumen de: US2025210660A1

This application provides a lithium supplement slurry, a positive electrode slurry, a secondary battery, a secondary battery preparation method, and an electrical device. The lithium supplement slurry includes a lithium supplement additive and a phosphate ester compound. The lithium supplement slurry uses a phosphate ester compound as a solvent. The phosphate ester compound is stable at a normal temperature, and does not react with the lithium supplement additive. Therefore, in a positive electrode slurry that uses the phosphate ester compound for supplementing lithium, the phosphate ester compound does not make the positive electrode slurry prone to gel, but makes the slurry meet performance requirements on an industrial mass-produced slurry, and makes it easy to apply the slurry to form a coating layer. In addition, the phosphate ester compound is of low toxicity and high safety in production.

Positive Electrode Material, Positive Electrode and Lithium Secondary Battery Including the Same

NºPublicación:  US2025210650A1 26/06/2025
Solicitante: 
LG ENERGY SOLUTION LTD [KR]
LG Energy Solution, Ltd

Resumen de: US2025210650A1

A positive electrode material includes a positive electrode active material that includes: lithium nickel-based oxide particles in the form of secondary particles as agglomerates of primary particles, in which among all metals excluding lithium, the content of Ni is 50 mol % to 90 mol %; and a boron (B)-containing coating layer formed on the surface of the lithium nickel-based oxide particles. The BET specific surface area of the positive electrode material is about 0.41 m2/g to 0.59 m2/g, and the average crystallite size of the positive electrode material is about 155 nm or more.

BATTERY BOARD

NºPublicación:  US2025210796A1 26/06/2025
Solicitante: 
GS YUASA INT LTD [JP]
GS Yuasa International Ltd
CN_118985067_PA

Resumen de: US2025210796A1

A battery board 900 incudes: an energy storage apparatus 1 that includes: at least one energy storage device 100 having a discharge valve 131; and a flow path that guides a fluid L discharged from the discharge valve 131 of the one energy storage device 100; and a housing 901 that houses the energy storage apparatus 1, wherein an opening enlarged portion 950 that opens or enlarges an opening area by receiving the fluid L is provided to a portion of the housing 901 that opposedly faces the flow path.

Modular Unit with Integrated Battery Charger

NºPublicación:  US2025211008A1 26/06/2025
Solicitante: 
MILWAUKEE ELECTRIC TOOL CORP [US]
Milwaukee Electric Tool Corporation
CN_115997326_PA

Resumen de: US2025211008A1

A stackable storage device, container or unit is provided. The storage device includes a storage compartment and an interface to recharge rechargeable batteries for power tools. The storage device is stackable within a modular storage system.

BATTERY AND ELECTRIC DEVICE

NºPublicación:  US2025210791A1 26/06/2025
Solicitante: 
CONTEMPORARY AMPEREX TECHNOLOGY HONG KONG LTD [CN]
CONTEMPORARY AMPEREX TECHNOLOGY (HONG KONG) LIMITED
US_2025210791_PA

Resumen de: US2025210791A1

A battery and an electric device are disclosed. The battery includes a housing, a battery module, and a positioning member. A structural beam is arranged inside the housing. The battery module is arranged in the housing. The positioning member is connected to the structural beam for positioning the battery module. The technical solution provided can reduce the manufacturing cost of the battery.

Pressure Equalization Device

NºPublicación:  US2025210793A1 26/06/2025
Solicitante: 
ILLINOIS TOOL WORKS [US]
Illinois Tool Works Inc
US_2025210793_PA

Resumen de: US2025210793A1

The present disclosure relates to a pressure equalization device for a battery housing (1). The pressure equalization device includes a base (3) and a degassing valve (11) to move from a closed position to an open position to release overpressure inside the battery housing for emergency degassing. The pressure equalization device also includes a pressure equalization device (1) comprising a porous breathable membrane (9) that is permeable to gases and impermeable to liquids for the balance of pressure between an interior of the device (1) and an exterior of the device (1) when the degassing valve (11) is in the closed position. The degassing valve (11) and breathable membrane are decoupled.

SECONDARY BATTERY AND ELECTRONIC APPARATUS

NºPublicación:  US2025210716A1 26/06/2025
Solicitante: 
NINGDE AMPEREX TECH LIMITED [CN]
Ningde Amperex Technology Limited
EP_4576303_PA

Resumen de: US2025210716A1

A secondary battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator, and an electrolyte. The electrolyte includes a compound A represented by formula:R1 to R6 are each independently selected from a fluorine atom, a cyano group, a sulfo group, an aldehyde group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C6 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C6 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C12 aryl group, and a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C12 aryloxy group. During substitution, substituents of the groups are each independently selected from a fluorine atom, a C1-C3 alkyl group, or a C2-C4 alkenyl group. The separator includes a base film and a porous coating, and a contact angle between the electrolyte and the surface of the porous coating of the separator is 0° to 36°.

Battery Cell, Battery Module, and Battery Pack

NºPublicación:  US2025210741A1 26/06/2025
Solicitante: 
BYD COMPANY LTD [CN]
BYD Company Limited
KR_20250041014_PA

Resumen de: US2025210741A1

A battery cell, a battery module, and a battery pack are provided. The battery cell includes a battery cell body and an optical fiber. A plurality of grating temperature measuring points are formed on the optical fiber. The optical fiber is arranged on the battery cell body.

METAL BATTERY

NºPublicación:  US2025210719A1 26/06/2025
Solicitante: 
SUMITOMO CHEMICAL CO LTD [JP]
Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd
WO_2023187135_A1

Resumen de: US2025210719A1

A metal battery comprising an anode, an anode current collector, a cathode, a cathode current collector and a compound of formula (I) disposed between the anode and cathode wherein X is Al or B; R1 in each occurrence is independently a substituent; and two R1 groups may be linked to form a ring; and M+ is a metal cation, and wherein the anode current collector comprises zinc.

ELECTROLYTE COMPOSITIONS, METHODS OF MAKING SAME, USES THEREOF

NºPublicación:  US2025210718A1 26/06/2025
Solicitante: 
CORNELL UNIV [US]
Cornell University
WO_2023183254_PA

Resumen de: US2025210718A1

Electrolyte compositions comprising one or more ion conducting salt(s) and one or more ammonium salt(s), such as, for example, asymmetric ammonium salt(s) or the like, which may, independently, be a quaternary ammonium salt. In various examples, the ammonium salt(s) independently comprise cations(s) chosen from primary ammonium cations, secondary ammonium cations, tertiary ammonium cations, quaternary ammonium cations, and the like, and any combination thereof. In various examples, an electrolyte composition further comprises one or more additional salt(s), which may, independently, be an ion-conducting salt. In various examples, an anode comprising an SEI layer is formed by contacting an anode, such as, for example, a metal anode or the like, with one or more electrolyte composition(s). In various examples, an electrochemical device, such as, for example, a battery, a supercapacitor, a fuel cell, an electrolyzer, an electrolytic cell, or the like comprises one or more composition(s) and/or one or more anode(s).

POWER SUPPLY DEVICE

NºPublicación:  US2025210744A1 26/06/2025
Solicitante: 
TOYOTA JIDOSHA KK [JP]
TOYOTA JIDOSHA KABUSHIKI KAISHA
CN_120221870_PA

Resumen de: US2025210744A1

A power supply device that supplies power to an apparatus, includes: a battery pack including a battery and a cooler made of metal; an insulating oil circuit configured to cool the battery by causing an insulating oil to flow into the cooler; and a controller configured to turn on any one of a first relay and a second relay that supply a current from the battery to a power control device, and to turn off the other to discharge static electricity generated by the flow of the insulating oil to a housing of the apparatus.

Non-Aqueous Electrolyte and Lithium Secondary Battery Including the Same

NºPublicación:  US2025210715A1 26/06/2025
Solicitante: 
LG ENERGY SOLUTION LTD [KR]
LG ENERGY /SOLUTION LTD [KR]
LG Energy Solution, Ltd,
LG Energy /solution, Ltd

Resumen de: US2025210715A1

A non-aqueous electrolyte includes a lithium salt, an organic solvent, and an additive. The additive includes a compound represented by a specific chemical formula. The non-aqueous electrolyte forms a stable film on a positive electrode and a negative electrode, thereby improving the long-term durability and life performance of a lithium secondary battery.

VERFAHREN ZUM HERSTELLEN EINES KOLLEKTORS MIT ELEKTRODE, VERFAHREN ZUM HERSTELLEN EINER LEISTUNGSSPEICHERVORRICHTUNG UND LEISTUNGSSPEICHERVORRICHTUNG

NºPublicación:  DE102024134191A1 26/06/2025
Solicitante: 
TOYOTA MOTOR CO LTD [JP]
TOYOTA JIDOSHA KABUSHIKI KAISHA
DE_102024134191_PA

Resumen de: DE102024134191A1

Ein Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Kollektors mit einer Elektrode gemäß der vorliegenden Offenbarung umfasst einen Schritt des Fertigens eines Kollektors mit einer Beschichtung und einen Schritt des Fertigens eines Kollektors mit einer Elektrode. Beim Fertigen des Kollektors mit einer Beschichtung wird eine Verbundmaterialschlämme auf einen Kollektor aufgetragen, der ein blattförmiger Kollektor mit einer Vielzahl von Durchgangslöchern oder ein bahnförmiger Kollektor mit einer Vielzahl von Durchgangslöchern ist, und es wird ein Kollektor mit einer Beschichtung gefertigt, der mindestens eine Beschichtung aus der Verbundmaterialschlämme aufweist. Beim Fertigen des Kollektors mit einer Elektrode wird gleichzeitig mit der Bestrahlung von Licht zum Erwärmen der Beschichtung des Kollektors mit einer Beschichtung Kühlluft auf die Durchgangslöcher geblasen, und die Beschichtung wird getrocknet, um eine positive Elektrodenschicht oder eine negative Elektrodenschicht auszubilden, und der Kollektor mit einer Elektrode wird hergestellt.

DECKELBAUGRUPPE, ENERGIESPEICHERZELLE, BATTERIEMODUL UND VERFAHREN ZUM BEFÜLLEN EINER ENERGIESPEICHERZELLE

NºPublicación:  DE102023135905A1 26/06/2025
Solicitante: 
BAYERISCHE MOTOREN WERKE AG [DE]
Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft
DE_102023135905_PA

Resumen de: DE102023135905A1

Es wird eine Deckelbaugruppe (140) für ein Zellgehäuse (110) einer Energiespeicherzelle (100) beschrieben. Die Deckelbaugruppe (140) ist im eingebauten Zustand dazu eingerichtet, ein Befüllen des Zellgehäuses (110) mit einem Elektrolyten (190) zu ermöglichen. Dabei weist die Deckelbaugruppe (140) eine Abschlussplatte (120) mit einer Befestigungsbaugruppe (200) auf, die einen Öffnungsbereich (220) aufweist. Eine erste Gasbarriere (240) ist dazu eingerichtet ist, vor dem Befüllen des Zellgehäuses (110) den Öffnungsbereich (220) gasdicht zu verschließen und zum Befüllen des Zellgehäuses (110) von einem Einfüllelement derart durchdrungen zu werden, dass sich eine Öffnung (221) in der ersten Gasbarriere (240) ausbildet, durch welche der Elektrolyt (190) in das Zellgehäuse (110) eingefüllt werden kann. Ferner ist eine zweite Gasbarriere (250) dazu eingerichtet, die Öffnung (221) nach dem Befüllen des Zellgehäuses (110) gasdicht zu verschließen.

Akkupack und Akkusystem

NºPublicación:  DE102023135808A1 26/06/2025
Solicitante: 
STIHL AG & CO KG ANDREAS [DE]
Andreas Stihl AG & Co. KG
DE_102023135808_PA

Resumen de: DE102023135808A1

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Akkupack (1) zur lösbaren elektrischen Verbindung mit einem Akkugerät (40), wobei der Akkupack (1) aufweist: wenigstens eine im Wesentlichen zylindrische elektrische Akkuzelle (2) zum Speichern elektrischer Energie, und eine von der wenigstens einen Akkuzelle (2) gesondert ausgebildete und elektrisch mit der Akkuzelle (2) verbundene Strombegrenzungseinrichtung (3) zum Begrenzen eines zwischen der wenigstens einen Akkuzelle (2) und dem Akkugerät (40) fließenden elektrischen Stroms; wobei die wenigstens eine Akkuzelle (2) einen Zellinnenraum (4) und ein Differenzdruckventil (5) aufweist, wobei das Differenzdruckventil (5) dazu ausgebildet ist, den Zellinnenraum (4) selbsttätig mit einer äußeren Umgebung (U) der Akkuzelle (2) druckangleichend zu verbinden, wenn eine zwischen dem Zellinnenraum (4) und der äußeren Umgebung (U) herrschende Druckdifferenz einen vorbestimmten Grenzwert überschreitet, wobei die wenigstens eine Akkuzelle (2) selbst keine Stromunterbrechungseinrichtung und/oder keine Strombegrenzungseinrichtung aufweist.

MATERIALS AND METHODS FOR IMPROVING AVERSIVE-AGENT COATING CONDUCTIVITY

NºPublicación:  WO2025136445A1 26/06/2025
Solicitante: 
ENERGIZER BRANDS LLC [US]
ENERGIZER BRANDS, LLC

Resumen de: WO2025136445A1

Provided are electrochemical cells with at least a portion of the exterior surface coated in a conductive aversive coating to deter children from eating the electrochemical cell. Described are compositions and methods for preparing electrochemical cells with aversive coatings capable of conducting electricity through the coating.

BATTERY MODULE AND BATTERY PACK

NºPublicación:  US2025210795A1 26/06/2025
Solicitante: 
EVE ENERGY STORAGE CO LTD [CN]
EVE ENERGY STORAGE CO. LTD
CN_222214389_U

Resumen de: US2025210795A1

A battery module includes: a housing, a cell, and a first detection unit. The housing defines a receiving space, a pressure relief port communicated with the receiving space, and a first air inlet communicated with the receiving space. A pressure relief mechanism is arranged in the pressure relief port, an air intaking mechanism is arranged in the first air inlet. The cell is received in the receiving space. The first detection unit is mounted on the housing and configured to detect a predetermined object. The first detection unit is electrically connected to the pressure relief mechanism. When the first detection unit detects that the cell has thermal runaway, the pressure relief mechanism exposes the pressure relief port. When the first detection unit detects that a pressure in the receiving space is less than or equal to a pressure threshold, the air intaking mechanism exposes the first air inlet.

ENERGY STORAGE APPARATUS

Nº publicación: US2025210794A1 26/06/2025

Solicitante:

GS YUASA INT LTD [JP]
GS Yuasa International Ltd

CN_118743093_PA

Resumen de: US2025210794A1

An energy storage apparatus 1 includes a plurality of energy storage devices 20, an exhaust portion 71 which is arranged on a gas release valve 29 of each of a plurality of the energy storage devices 20 and forms an exhaust path 76 of gas, a plurality of manifold portions 31 that causes the gas release valve 29 of each of a plurality of the energy storage devices 20 to communicate with the exhaust path 76 of the exhaust portion 71, and a plurality of valve units 40 that close each of a plurality of the manifold portions 31. The valve unit 40 includes a lid body 41 of a single-hinged type that closes the manifold portion 31 and includes an open end portion 414 and a base end portion 413 which is an end portion on an opposite side to the open end portion 414, the lid body 41 having open width of the open end portion 414 larger than open width of the base end portion 413, and a flow regulating portion 42 arranged on a main surface (lower surface 419) facing the gas release valve 29 of the lid body 41 and extending in a direction intersecting a direction from the base end portion 413 toward the open end portion 414.

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