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Publicaciones de solicitudes de patente de los últimos 60 días/Applications published in the last 60 days
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EVALUATION SYSTEM, PROGRAM FOR EVALUATION SYSTEM, AND EVALUATION METHOD

Publication No.:  WO2025225466A1 30/10/2025
Applicant: 
HORIBA LTD [JP]
\u682A\u5F0F\u4F1A\u793E\u5800\u5834\u88FD\u4F5C\u6240
WO_2025225466_PA

Absstract of: WO2025225466A1

An evaluation system according to the present invention evaluates the performance of an electrolysis cell that electrolyzes supplied steam to generate hydrogen gas or a test piece that is a portion thereof and comprises a steam supply line that supplies steam to the test piece, a hydrogen gas extraction line that extracts hydrogen gas that is generated from the test piece by electrolysis, a generated hydrogen information acquisition unit that acquires generated hydrogen information that directly or indirectly indicates the hydrogen gas content of a fluid that flows along the hydrogen gas extraction line, and a steam control unit that controls the flow rate of the steam supplied to the test piece from the steam supply line on the basis of the acquired generated hydrogen information.

ELECTRODE OF ELECTROLYTIC CELL, AND APPLICATION THEREOF

Publication No.:  WO2025223557A1 30/10/2025
Applicant: 
SHANGHAI JUNA NEW MATERIAL TECH CO LTD [CN]
SUZHOU JUNA NEW MATERIAL TECH CO LTD [CN]
\u4E0A\u6D77\u8392\u7EB3\u65B0\u6750\u6599\u79D1\u6280\u6709\u9650\u516C\u53F8,
\u82CF\u5DDE\u8392\u7EB3\u65B0\u6750\u6599\u79D1\u6280\u6709\u9650\u516C\u53F8
WO_2025223557_A1

Absstract of: WO2025223557A1

An electrode of an electrolytic cell, and an application thereof. The electrode comprises: a substrate (102); a surface treatment layer (106), which is formed on the substrate (102); and a catalyst layer (20), which is formed on the surface treatment layer (106). The surface structure and/or surface properties of the substrate can be modified by means of the surface treatment layer, so that the surface area of a subsequent electrode is increased, allowing more active sites to be exposed, thereby effectively improving the electrochemical performance of the electrode.

ELECTRODE OF ELECTROLYZER, AND USE

Publication No.:  WO2025223558A1 30/10/2025
Applicant: 
SHANGHAI JUNA NEW MATERIAL TECH CO LTD [CN]
SUZHOU JUNA NEW MATERIAL TECH CO LTD [CN]
\u4E0A\u6D77\u8392\u7EB3\u65B0\u6750\u6599\u79D1\u6280\u6709\u9650\u516C\u53F8,
\u82CF\u5DDE\u8392\u7EB3\u65B0\u6750\u6599\u79D1\u6280\u6709\u9650\u516C\u53F8
WO_2025223558_PA

Absstract of: WO2025223558A1

An electrode of an electrolyzer, and the use thereof. The electrode comprises a substrate (30) and a catalyst layer (20) formed on the substrate, wherein the catalyst layer comprises a plurality of first catalyst zones (201) and a plurality of second catalyst zones (202), and the structural texture of the first catalyst zones (201) is different from the structural texture of the second catalyst zones (202). Using the catalyst zones having different structural textures can increase active sites of the catalyst layer, and can also achieve an effective dispersion effect on the distribution of an active catalyst on the substrate, so as to avoid excessive agglomeration in local regions, thus increasing the utilization rate of precious metal.

HYDROGEN GENERATION DEVICE WITH BREATHING DETECTION FUNCTION

Publication No.:  WO2025222998A1 30/10/2025
Applicant: 
LIN HSIN YUNG [CN]
\u6797\u4FE1\u6D8C
WO_2025222998_PA

Absstract of: WO2025222998A1

A hydrogen generation device with a breathing detection function. The hydrogen generation device comprises an electrolytic cell, a gas pipe, a sensor, a valve switch and a controller, wherein the electrolytic cell is used for electrolyzing water to generate a hydrogen-containing gas; the gas pipe is in communication with the electrolytic cell and has a gas outlet, and the gas pipe is used for receiving the hydrogen-containing gas and outputting the hydrogen-containing gas through the gas outlet; the sensor is used for sensing the breathing of a user to generate a breathing signal; the valve switch is arranged in the gas pipe; and the controller is electrically connected to the valve switch and the sensor, and the controller opens the valve switch on the basis of an inspiration signal, and closes the valve switch on the basis of an expiration signal. Therefore, the present invention provides the hydrogen-containing gas, and does not provide the hydrogen-containing gas in an expiration state, such that not only can excessive pressure in a breathing tube be prevented, but also the hydrogen-containing gas can be prevented from rapidly flowing to a user when the user inhales again, thereby improving the practicability and the usage experience.

POWER SYSTEM AND FREQUENCY MODULATION CONTROL METHOD THEREFOR

Publication No.:  US2025337244A1 30/10/2025
Applicant: 
SUNGROW POWER SUPPLY NANJING CO LTD [CN]
Sungrow Power Supply (Nanjing) Co., Ltd
US_2025337244_PA

Absstract of: US2025337244A1

A power system and a frequency modulation control method therefor. The method includes: first, determining whether the current power grid frequency of a power system falls within a preset allowable frequency deviation range; if not, performing calculation according to the current power grid frequency and a power grid rated frequency to obtain an input current change value of a hydrogen production power generation unit in the power system; on the basis of the size relationship between the input current change value and limit values thereof and the size relationship between the changed input current value and limit values thereof, determining a target input current of the hydrogen production power generation unit; and finally, adjusting an input current of the hydrogen production power generation unit according to the target input current, so as to allow the power grid frequency of the power system to fall within the preset allowable frequency deviation range. Therefore, by means of the relationship between system power consumption and frequency fluctuation, the present application can guide input current setting for the hydrogen production power generation unit on the basis of a measured system frequency to achieve frequency modulation control of the power system, thus solving the problem of frequency fluctuation of power grid systems caused by randomness and fluctuation of renewable energy power generation.

HYDROGEN GENERATION SYSTEM AND REGULATOR THEREFOR

Publication No.:  US2025336995A1 30/10/2025
Applicant: 
GREEN FUEL LLC [US]
Green Fuel, LLC
US_2025336995_PA

Absstract of: US2025336995A1

A passive dual modulating regulator with relative differential venting (“regulator”) for use with a contained hydrogen generation system (“system”) comprises a flexible diaphragm clamped between a first housing section and a second housing section. The regulator defines a hydrogen fluid path in fluid communication with the hydrogen-side of the system, an exterior hydrogen storage vessel, and an exterior of the system. The regulator also defines an oxygen fluid path in fluid communication with the oxygen-side of the system, an exterior oxygen storage vessel, and an exterior of the system. The regulator regulates pressure imbalances between the oxygen-side of the system and the hydrogen-side of the system, and vents oxygen and hydrogen to an exterior of the system to allow collection of both hydrogen and oxygen and avoid rupture of a proton-exchange membrane of the system.

SPATIAL CONTROL OF POLYNUCLEOTIDE SYNTHESIS BY STRAND CAPPING

Publication No.:  US2025333773A1 30/10/2025
Applicant: 
MICROSOFT TECH LICENSING LLC [US]
MICROSOFT TECHNOLOGY LICENSING, LLC
US_2025333773_PA

Absstract of: US2025333773A1

Enzymatic polynucleotide synthesis with a template-independent polymerase is used to create multiple polynucleotides having different, arbitrary sequences on the surface of an array. The array provides a spatially-addressable substrate for solid-phase synthesis. Blocking groups are attached to the 3′ ends of polynucleotides on the array. Prior to polynucleotide extension, the blocking groups are removed at a selected location on the array. In an implementation, the blocking groups are acyl groups removed with a negative voltage created at an electrode. The array is then incubated with the polymerase and a single species of nucleotide. Nucleotides are incorporated onto the 3′ ends of the polynucleotides without blocking groups. Washing removes the polymerase and free nucleotides. To create polynucleotides with different sequences at different locations on the array, the location where the blocking groups are removed and the species of nucleotide may be changed during repeated cycles of synthesis.

SOLID OXIDE ELECTROLYSIS CELL AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME

Publication No.:  US2025333862A1 30/10/2025
Applicant: 
HYUNDAI MOTOR COMPANY [KR]
KIA CORP [KR]
UIF UNIV INDUSTRY FOUNDATION YONSEI UNIV [KR]
KOREA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECH [KR]
HYUNDAI MOTOR COMPANY,
KIA CORPORATION,
UIF (UNIVERSITY INDUSTRY FOUNDATION), YONSEI UNIVERSITY,
KOREA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
US_2025333862_PA

Absstract of: US2025333862A1

A solid oxide electrolysis cell includes an oxygen electrode, a fuel electrode, and an electrolyte interposed between the oxygen electrode and the fuel electrode. The oxygen electrode comprises an oxygen electrode carrier comprising internal pores, and an oxygen electrode catalyst supported in the internal pores, and having a perovskite single-phase structure. The fuel electrode comprises a fuel electrode carrier and a fuel electrode catalyst supported on the fuel electrode carrier.

HYDROGEN GENERATION SYSTEM AND REGULATOR THEREFOR

Publication No.:  US2025333869A1 30/10/2025
Applicant: 
GREEN FUEL LLC [US]
Green Fuel, LLC
US_2025333869_PA

Absstract of: US2025333869A1

A passive dual modulating regulator with relative differential venting (“regulator”) for use with a contained hydrogen generation system (“system”) comprises a housing, a first piston valve, a second piston valve, and a third piston valve. The regulator defines a hydrogen fluid path in fluid communication with a hydrogen-side of the system, an exterior hydrogen storage vessel, and an exterior of the system. The regulator also defines an oxygen fluid path in fluid communication with the oxygen-side of the system, an exterior oxygen storage vessel, and an exterior of the system. The regulator regulates pressure imbalances between the oxygen-side of the system and the hydrogen-side of the system, and vents oxygen and hydrogen to the exterior of the system to allow collection of both hydrogen and oxygen and avoid rupture of a proton-exchange membrane of the system.

MEMBRANE ELECTRODE ASSEMBLY FOR COx REDUCTION

Publication No.:  US2025333857A1 30/10/2025
Applicant: 
TWELVE BENEFIT CORP [US]
Twelve Benefit Corporation
US_2025333857_PA

Absstract of: US2025333857A1

Provided herein are membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) for COx reduction. According to various embodiments, the MEAs are configured to address challenges particular to COx including managing water in the MEA. Bipolar and anion-exchange membrane (AEM)-only MEAs are described along with components thereof and related methods of fabrication.

SQUARE-METER-SCALE STAINLESS STEEL INTEGRATED ELECTRODE WITH SURFACE MODIFIED BY BIMETALLIC SULFIDE AND PREPARATION METHOD AND APPLICATION THEREOF

Publication No.:  US2025333863A1 30/10/2025
Applicant: 
HAINAN UNIV [CN]
HAINAN UNIVERSITY
US_2025333863_A1

Absstract of: US2025333863A1

Disclosed in the present disclosure are a square-meter-scale stainless steel integrated electrode with a surface modified by bimetallic sulfide, and a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method includes the following steps: (1) performing ultrasonic cleaning on a stainless steel substrate with deionized water, acetone and ethanol in sequence, performing heating and soaking with a dilute hydrochloric acid solution, and finally, performing drying after washing and cleaning with deionized water to obtain the stainless steel substrate with a clean surface; (2) dissolving two transition metal cation salts and a sulfur source in an aqueous solution and performing stirring at a room temperature for even mixing; and (3) putting the stainless steel substrate with the clean surface obtained in step (1) into the solution of the step (2) for a heating reaction, washing an obtained sample with water after the reaction is finished, and then, performing drying.

ADHESIVE-FIXED ELECTROLYSIS MODULE

Publication No.:  US2025333859A1 30/10/2025
Applicant: 
TECHCROSS INC [KR]
TECHCROSS INC
US_2025333859_PA

Absstract of: US2025333859A1

Provided is an adhesive-fixed electrolysis module comprising a single stack, the single stack having a separator, a pair of bipolar plates, a pair of gaskets, a pair of diffusion layers, a pair of electrodes, and a cell frame, wherein the bipolar plates, the gaskets, the diffusion layers, and the electrodes are sequentially arranged on the cathode and anode sides, respectively, with respect to the separator, forming a symmetrical structure, wherein the separator, the bipolar plates, the gaskets, the diffusion layers, and the electrodes are stacked in a zero-gap manner within the cell frame, and wherein the bipolar plates are adhered and fixed to the cell frame using an adhesive, thereby simplifying product assembly and reducing assembly costs compared to a single stack fixing method using welding, riveting, bolting, etc. between conventional parts.

HIGH PRESSURE GASKET FOR AN ELECTROLYSIS DEVICE

Publication No.:  US2025333858A1 30/10/2025
Applicant: 
TENNECO INC [US]
Tenneco Inc
US_2025333858_PA

Absstract of: US2025333858A1

The electrolysis device includes a plurality of plates that have a plurality of sets of aligned fluid openings. At least one of the sets of aligned fluid openings is configured for conveying high pressure hydrogen gas. At least one gasket, which has an annular shape and is made of an elastomeric material, surrounds at least one of the sets of aligned fluid openings to establish a fluid-tight seal between at least two of the plurality of plates. The at least one gasket has a generally constant cross-sectional shape around a central axis, the cross-sectional shape having a sealing surface that includes a pair of peaks that are spaced radially apart from one another and that includes a pair of elevated plateaus on opposite radial sides of the pair of peaks.

電解セルスタック、電解セルカートリッジ、電解セルモジュールおよび電解セルスタックの製造方法

Publication No.:  JP2025164506A 30/10/2025
Applicant: 
三菱重工業株式会社
JP_2025164506_PA

Absstract of: WO2025220485A1

The present disclosure provides an electrolytic cell stack capable of increasing the amount of product generated by electrolysis while suppressing a temperature rise of the cell stack. An electrolytic cell stack (101) according to the present disclosure comprises: a hydrogen generation unit (10) provided with an electrolytic cell (105) having a hydrogen electrode, an oxygen electrode, and a solid electrolyte membrane; a raw material gas supply port (11); a hydrogen gas discharge port (12); a raw material gas supply-side heat exchange unit (13); and a hydrogen gas discharge-side heat exchange unit (14). The raw material gas supply-side heat exchange unit and the hydrogen gas discharge-side heat exchange unit are each composed of a heat transfer unit and a header unit. The heat transfer unit area of the hydrogen gas discharge-side heat exchange unit is larger than the heat transfer unit area of the raw material gas supply-side heat exchange unit.

- SINGLE-ATOM-NANO PARTICLE COMPOSITE PREPARING METHOD OF THE SAME FUEL CELL AND WATER ELECTROLYSIS DEVICE INCLUDING THE SAME

Publication No.:  KR20250155089A 30/10/2025
Applicant: 
주식회사라피스타
KR_20250155089_PA

Absstract of: KR20250155089A

본 발명은 단원자-나노입자 복합체, 그의 제조방법, 그를 포함하는 연료전지와 수전해 장치에 관한 것으로서, 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 단원자-나노입자 복합체는, 탄소 지지체; 및 상기 탄소 지지체 표면에 코팅된 흡착층;을 포함하고, 상기 흡착층은 단원자 금속 이온, 산성 물질, 고분자 및 질소가 결합된 것이다.

ELECTROCHEMICAL REACTION SYSTEM WITHOUT ELECTRICAL CONTACT BETWEEN STACK AND MANIFOLD

Publication No.:  KR20250155409A 30/10/2025
Applicant: 
연세대학교산학협력단세종대학교산학협력단
KR_20250155409_PA

Absstract of: WO2025225918A1

Disclosed is an electrochemical reaction system without an electrical contact between a stack and a manifold. The system may comprise: an insulating manifold including at least a plate-shaped base manifold part, through which a first fluid conduit and a second fluid conduit pass from top to bottom, and a housing part, which has a downwardly open cross-section and can be fastened to the upper surface and lower edge of the base manifold, the insulating manifold further including insulating plates located on the upper surface and lower surface, respectively, of an inner space surrounded by the base manifold part and the housing part; and a stack which is accommodated between the insulating plates in the inner space so as not to cover at least one of the first fluid conduit or the second fluid conduit, and in which at least a plurality of plate electrodes and separating plates separating the plurality of plate electrodes are stacked, wherein sealing materials are stacked above and below the stack.

SEA WATER ELECTROLYSIS SYSTEM AND SHIP HAVING THE SAME

Publication No.:  KR20250155237A 30/10/2025
Applicant: 
에이치디현대중공업주식회사
KR_20250155237_PA

Absstract of: KR20250155237A

본 발명의 실시예에 따른 해수전해 시스템은, 선박으로 유입되는 해수를 1차적으로 전기분해하도록 구성된 제1전해조; 및 상기 제1전해조에 의해 1차적으로 전기분해된 해수를 2차적으로 전기분해하도록 구성된 제2전해조;를 포함할 수 있다.

Self-standing electrode for generation of hydrogen and method for producing the same

Publication No.:  KR20250155142A 30/10/2025
Applicant: 
고려대학교산학협력단

Absstract of: KR20250155142A

본 발명은 표면처리된 카본시트; 및 상기 카본시트의 적어도 일면에 구비되는 루테늄 단일원자 및 루테늄 나노클러스터;를 포함하는 수소발생용 자립형 전극관한 것이다.

FESTOXID-ELEKTROLYSEZELLE UND VERFAHREN ZU DEREN HERSTELLUNG

Publication No.:  DE102024204053A1 30/10/2025
Applicant: 
HYUNDAI MOTOR CO LTD [KR]
KIA CORP [KR]
KOREA INST SCI & TECH [KR]
UIF UNIV INDUSTRY FOUNDATION YONSEI UNIV [KR]
Hyundai Motor Company,
Kia Corporation,
Korea Institute of Science and Technology,
UIF (University Industry Foundation), Yonsei University
DE_102024204053_PA

Absstract of: DE102024204053A1

Offenbart sind eine Festoxid-Elektrolysezelle und ein Verfahren zu deren Herstellung.

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING GAS COMPRISING HYDROGEN

Publication No.:  WO2025223733A1 30/10/2025
Applicant: 
AIR LIQUIDE [FR]
L'AIR LIQUIDE, SOCIETE ANONYME POUR L'ETUDE ET L'EXPLOITATION DES PROCEDES GEORGES CLAUDE
WO_2025223733_PA

Absstract of: WO2025223733A1

The invention relates to a process (100) for producing a hydrogen product (81) from an endothermic cracking reaction of an ammonia feed (4), comprising the following steps: - in said cracking unit, performing (S20) the endothermic cracking reaction of the ammonia feed, thereby producing a cracked gas (80) containing hydrogen (81), nitrogen (82) and unconverted ammonia (83), - in said cracking unit, combusting the separated unconverted ammonia in a combustion step (S40) to provide heat to the endothermic cracking reaction, - reducing (S50) a cracking temperature (Tc) of the endothermic cracking reaction, thus increasing the amount of unconverted ammonia in the cracked gas and to be combusted to provide heat to the endothermic cracking reaction, - controlling (S60) the flow of the ammonia feed directed to the cracking unit to produce a desired amount of hydrogen product (Psp).

REACTOR SYSTEM BASED ON AN ALKALINE ELECTROLYSIS SYSTEM FOR PRODUCTION OF A FUEL GAS AND PROCESS FOR PRODUCING THE FUEL GAS BY MEANS OF THE REACTOR

Publication No.:  WO2025223592A1 30/10/2025
Applicant: 
BREITMAYER JUERGEN [DE]
BREITMAYER, J\u00FCrgen
WO_2025223592_PA

Absstract of: WO2025223592A1

It is an object of the invention to provide a reactor system based on an alkaline electrolysis system and an associated process for producing a synthetic fuel gas having a high proportion of oxygen from natural gas, biogas or exhaust gases from an internal combustion engine with hydrogen and oxygen formed in the electrolysis as fuel gas or synthesis gas. As a result of a high proportion of oxygen in the fuel gas of more than 20% by volume, the energy content of the new synthetic fuel gas is significantly higher than that of mixed gases already used in practice with a proportion of oxygen of less than 5% by volume. The arrangement of the reactor, including all additional systems, in a container allows largely standardized prefabrication on the part of the manufacturer of the reactor comprising the electrolysis system, including compliance with and installation of corresponding safety devices. The reactor system and the process for producing a fuel gas (25) from a carrier gas (11), e.g. natural gas (11), hydrogen, and oxygen utilize an alkaline low-voltage electrolysis system (3) which consists of a plurality of individual cells (4) within a reactor housing (2) and allows the fuel gas (25) to be formed in the individual cell (4) already during electrolysis. In spite of its high oxygen content, the fuel gas (25) is combustible but not explosive.

WATER ELECTROLYSIS SYSTEM

Publication No.:  US2025333854A1 30/10/2025
Applicant: 
TOYOTA JIDOSHA KK [JP]
TOYOTA JIDOSHA KABUSHIKI KAISHA
US_2025333854_PA

Absstract of: US2025333854A1

A water electrolysis system that generates hydrogen and oxygen by electrolysis of water includes a water electrolysis cell including an anode, a cathode, and an electrolyte membrane sandwiched between the anode and the cathode, and a control device that controls electric power supplied to the water electrolysis cell, wherein the control device performs a potential changing process of changing a potential of the anode either or both of upon starting of the water electrolysis system and during continuous operation of the water electrolysis system, and the potential changing process includes a potential lowering process of lowering the potential of the anode to a predetermined potential.

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING GAS COMPRISING HYDROGEN

Publication No.:  EP4640623A1 29/10/2025
Applicant: 
AIR LIQUIDE [FR]
L'AIR LIQUIDE, SOCIETE ANONYME POUR L'ETUDE ET L'EXPLOITATION DES PROCEDES GEORGES CLAUDE
EP_4640623_PA

Absstract of: EP4640623A1

The invention relates to a process (100) for producing a hydrogen product (81) from an endothermic cracking reaction of an ammonia feed (4), comprising the following steps:- providing (S10) the ammonia feed to a cracking unit (210),- in said cracking unit, performing (S20) the endothermic cracking reaction of the ammonia feed, thereby producing a cracked gas (80) containing hydrogen (81), nitrogen (82) and unconverted ammonia (83),- in said cracking unit, combusting the separated unconverted ammonia in a combustion step (S40) to provide heat to the endothermic cracking reaction,- reducing (S50) a cracking temperature (Tc) of the endothermic cracking reaction, thus increasing the amount of unconverted ammonia in the cracked gas and to be combusted to provide heat to the endothermic cracking reaction,- controlling (S60) the flow of the ammonia feed directed to the cracking unit to produce a desired amount of hydrogen product (Psp).

HYDROGEN PRODUCTION VIA SEAWATER SPLITTING

Publication No.:  EP4638833A2 29/10/2025
Applicant: 
UNIV MICHIGAN REGENTS [US]
YANG PE [US]
BATISTA VICTOR S [US]
The Regents Of The University Of Michigan,
Yang, Pe,
Batista, Victor S
KR_20250136327_PA

Absstract of: AU2023408768A1

A method of hydrogen production includes providing a solution and immersing a device in the solution. The device includes a substrate having a surface, an array of conductive projections supported by the substrate and extending outward from the surface of the substrate, and a plurality of catalyst nanoparticles disposed over the array of conductive projections. The solution includes dissolved sodium chloride (NaCl).

WATER ELECTROLYSIS HYDROGEN PRODUCTION SYSTEM

Nº publicación: EP4640922A1 29/10/2025

Applicant:

HITACHI LTD [JP]
Hitachi, Ltd

EP_4640922_PA

Absstract of: EP4640922A1

Provided is a water electrolytic hydrogen production system configured by connecting a plurality of water electrolysis stacks in series, wherein the system is capable of ensuring sufficient insulation performance of each of the water electrolysis stacks. The water electrolytic hydrogen production system includes: a plurality of water electrolysis apparatuses, wherein each of the water electrolysis apparatuses includes: a water electrolysis stack configured to generate hydrogen and oxygen by electrolysis of water; a water supply portion configured to supply water to the water electrolysis stack; a water intake portion configured to take water into the water supply portion from outside; a hydrogen release portion configured to release hydrogen generated in the water electrolysis stack to outside; and an oxygen release portion configured to release oxygen generated in the water electrolysis stack to outside, the water electrolysis stacks of the plurality of water electrolysis apparatuses are electrically connected to each other in series, and an insulation member is disposed at a connecting portion of piping for supplying or releasing a fluid with outside of the apparatus, the piping including at least the water intake portion, the hydrogen release portion, and the oxygen release portion of each of the plurality of water electrolysis apparatuses.

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