Ministerio de Industria, Turismo y Comercio LogoMinisterior
 

Alerta

Resultados 648 resultados
LastUpdate Última actualización 02/05/2025 [06:58:00]
pdfxls
Publicaciones de solicitudes de patente de los últimos 60 días/Applications published in the last 60 days
Resultados 1 a 25 de 648 nextPage  

Improved Catalysts And Processes For The Direct Production Of Liquid Fuels From Carbon Dioxide And Hydrogen

NºPublicación:  AU2025202662A1 01/05/2025
Solicitante: 
INFINIUM TECHNOLOGY LLC
Infinium Technology, LLC
AU_2025202662_A1

Resumen de: AU2025202662A1

Abstract Embodiments of the present invention relates to two improved catalysts and associated processes that directly converts carbon dioxide and hydrogen to liquid fuels. The catalytic converter is comprised of two catalysts in series that are operated at the same pressures to directly produce synthetic liquid fuels or synthetic natural gas. The carbon conversion efficiency for C02 to liquid fuels is greater than 45%. The fuel is distilled into a premium diesel fuels (approximately 70 volume %) and naphtha (approximately 30 volume %) which are used directly as "drop-in" fuels without requiring any further processing. Any light hydrocarbons that are present with the carbon dioxide are also converted directly to fuels. This process is directly applicable to the conversion of C02 collected from ethanol plants, cement plants, power plants, biogas, carbon dioxide/hydrocarbon mixtures from secondary oil recovery, and other carbon dioxide/hydrocarbon streams. The catalyst system is durable, efficient and maintains a relatively constant level of fuel productivity over long periods of time without requiring re-activation or replacement. Fig 1 FIG. 1 - Integrated Catalytic Converter and Process for the Production of Renewable Liquid fuels Electrolysis Captured CO 2 H, CO2 104 Catalytic Conversion System 103 Gas 105 Syngas 106 Heat 107 Blending/Heating C t #1 Exchanger Catalyst #2 Syngas --------------------------- -------------------------------------- ----------- Conversion 109Tailg

PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN AND SOLID LITHIUM HYDROXIDE

NºPublicación:  AU2023343511A1 01/05/2025
Solicitante: 
EVONIK OPERATIONS GMBH
EVONIK OPERATIONS GMBH
AU_2023343511_PA

Resumen de: AU2023343511A1

The problem addressed by the present invention is that of specifying a process for producing lithium hydroxide which is very energy efficient. The process shall especially operate without consumption of thermal energy. The process shall be able to handle, as raw material, Li-containing waters generated during digestion of spent lithium-ion batteries. The LiOH produced by the process shall have a high purity sufficient for direct manufacture of new LIB. The process shall achieve a high throughput and have small footprint in order that it can be combined with existing processes for workup of used LIB/for production of new LIB to form a closed, continuous production loop. The process according to the invention is an electrolytic membrane process operating with a LiSICon membrane. It is a special aspect of the process that the electrolysis is operated up to the precipitation limit of the lithium hydroxide.

PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN AND LITHIUM HYDROXIDE IN A BASIC ENVIRONMENT

NºPublicación:  AU2023343512A1 01/05/2025
Solicitante: 
EVONIK OPERATIONS GMBH
EVONIK OPERATIONS GMBH
AU_2023343512_PA

Resumen de: AU2023343512A1

The present invention relates to the electrochemical production of hydrogen and lithium hydroxide from Li+-containing water using a LiSICon membrane. The problem addressed by the present invention is that of specifying a process which is operable economically even on an industrial scale. The process shall especially exhibit a high energy efficiency and achieve a long service life of the membrane even when the employed feed contains impurities harmful to LiSICon materials. A particular aspect of the process is that the cell simultaneously separates off the lithium via the membrane and effects electrolysis of water. An essential aspect of the process is that the electrochemical process is performed in a basic environment, more precisely at pH 9 to 13. The pH is adjusted by addition of a basic compound to the feed.

A PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR SUSTAINABLE WATER FUELLED VEHICLE

NºPublicación:  AU2023366065A1 01/05/2025
Solicitante: 
GOMEZ RODOLFO ANTONIO M
GOMEZ, Rodolfo Antonio M
AU_2023366065_A1

Resumen de: AU2023366065A1

Abstract A sustainable water fuelled process and apparatus where a Unipolar electrolysis of water is described and the hydrogen and oxygen are stored before feeding a hydrogen fuel cell which is capable of providing sufficient electricity to provide power to a drive a vehicle, power a generator etc, after supplying electricity to the Unipolar electrolyser and the storage of the hydrogen and oxygen.

CARBON NANOTUBE MOLDED BODY, ELECTRODE FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL WATER SPLITTING AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING SAME, AND ELECTROCHEMICAL WATER SPLITTING DEVICE

NºPublicación:  EP4545479A1 30/04/2025
Solicitante: 
NIHON TRIM CO LTD [JP]
UNIV TOKYO [JP]
Nihon Trim Co., Ltd,
The University of Tokyo
EP_4545479_PA

Resumen de: EP4545479A1

Provided are a carbon nanotube molded body including carbon nanotubes, and a method of producing the same, wherein the carbon nanotube molded body has a specific surface area of 700 m<sup>2</sup>/g or more, the carbon nanotube molded body has a pore distribution from 3 to 15 nm, the carbon nanotube molded body has a tensile strength of 45 MPa or more, and the carbon nanotube molded body has a Young's modulus of 1600 MPa or more. Also provided are an electrochemical water-splitting electrode comprising the carbon nanotube molded body and platinum supported on the carbon nanotube molded body, a method of producing the same, and an electrochemical water-splitting apparatus comprising the electrochemical water-splitting electrode.

ELECTROLYTE MEMBRANE, ELECTROLYTE MEMBRANE WITH CATALYST LAYER, TRANSFER SHEET USED FOR PRODUCING SAME, MEMBRANE-ELECTRODE ASSEMBLY, WATER ELECTROLYSIS DEVICE, AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING ELECTROLYTE MEMBRANE WITH CATALYST LAYER

NºPublicación:  EP4545687A1 30/04/2025
Solicitante: 
TORAY INDUSTRIES [JP]
Toray Industries, Inc
EP_4545687_PA

Resumen de: EP4545687A1

An object of the present invention is to provide an electrolyte membrane having an excellent joining property between an electrolyte membrane and a catalyst layer. The present invention mainly relates to an electrolyte membrane including a layer (A) containing a polymer electrolyte, and a layer (B) on at least one of the faces of the layer (A), wherein porosity (X1) in an interface region of the layer (B), on the layer (A) side, is higher than porosity (X2) in another interface region of the layer (B), on the opposite side to the layer (A).

SYSTEMS FOR GENERATING HYDROGEN

NºPublicación:  EP4545192A2 30/04/2025
Solicitante: 
SHAHEEN INNOVATIONS HOLDING LTD [AE]
Shaheen Innovations Holding Limited
EP_4545192_PA

Resumen de: EP4545192A2

A system (1) for generating hydrogen gas comprises a reaction vessel (101) containing an aqueous solution (102) and a cathode (105) and an anode (107) each positioned at least partly in the reaction vessel (101). The system (1) comprises first and second ultrasonic transducers (215-220) which emit ultrasonic waves in the direction of the cathode (105) and the anode (107) respectively. Each ultrasonic transducer (215-220) is driven by a respective transducer driver (202) to optimise the operation of the system (1) for generating hydrogen gas by sonoelectrolysis.

FUEL CRACKER FOR PRODUCING A FUEL WITH STABLE COMBUSTION PROPERTIES FROM AMMONIA

NºPublicación:  EP4545476A1 30/04/2025
Solicitante: 
AIR LIQUIDE [FR]
L'AIR LIQUIDE, SOCIETE ANONYME POUR L'ETUDE ET L'EXPLOITATION DES PROCEDES GEORGES CLAUDE
EP_4545476_PA

Resumen de: EP4545476A1

Process (2) for the production of an enhanced fuel gas (4) containing at least hydrogen gas from a fuel stream, in particular from an ammonia fuel stream (6). Said process comprises the following steps:- providing the fuel stream (6) (S100);- providing a condensable medium (8), preferably water steam (8), to a cracker unit (10);- at least one step of performing an endothermic cracking reaction of the fuel stream (6) in the cracker unit comprising at least one catalyst suitable for cracking said fuelstream (6), so as to produce an at least partially cracked fuel stream as said enhanced fuel gas (4) (S300); and- condensing at least partially said condensable medium (8) to provide said heat for the endothermic cracking reaction of the fuel stream (6).

METHANOL PRODUCTION FROM BIOMASS AND GREEN HYDROGEN

NºPublicación:  EP4543835A1 30/04/2025
Solicitante: 
FEV GROUP GMBH [DE]
Fev Group GmbH
US_2025129001_PA

Resumen de: US2025129001A1

In a process for producing methanol, a synthesis gas that has been recovered from biomass is fed to a methanol synthesis apparatus. In a main operating mode in which sufficient electrical power is available for electrolytic hydrogen recovery, correspondingly electrolytically recovered hydrogen is fed to the methanol synthesis apparatus. In a secondary operating mode in which insufficient electrical power is available for electrolytic production of hydrogen, a tail gas that arises from a biogas recovered from a biomass on removal of the synthesis gas is fed to a generator in order to provide electrical power for apparatuses involved in the process.

METHOD FOR OPERATING A POWER-TO-HYDROGEN SYSTEM AND POWER-TO-HYDROGEN SYSTEM

NºPublicación:  EP4545689A1 30/04/2025
Solicitante: 
SIEMENS GAMESA RENEWABLE ENERGY AS [DK]
Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy A/S
EP_4545689_PA

Resumen de: EP4545689A1

The present invention relates to a method for operating a Power-To-Hydrogen system (10) comprising at least one electricity source (1), at least one electrolyzer (2), a first hydrogen storage device (3) with permanent availability and a hydrogen transfer station (4). The hydrogen transfer station (4) is adapted and configured to be coupled temporarily to one or multiple second hydrogen storage devices (5,51,52) with time-dependent availability for a transfer of hydrogen to the one or multiple second hydrogen storage devices (5,51,52). A hydrogen production rate (P(t)) of the electrolyzer (2) is controlled based on a forecasted total available hydrogen storage capacity, wherein the forecasted total available hydrogen storage capacity comprises a storage capacity (X) of the first hydrogen storage device (3) and a time-dependent storage capacity of the second hydrogen storage device (5,51,52) provided by a hydrogen storage capacity model (C(t)).The method according to invention allows for an optimized hydrogen production planning and thus improves both profitability and sustainability of the Power-To-Hydrogen system.

ELECTROLYSIS DEVICE

NºPublicación:  EP4545690A1 30/04/2025
Solicitante: 
MITSUBISHI HEAVY IND LTD [JP]
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd
EP_4545690_PA

Resumen de: EP4545690A1

An electrolysis device of the present disclosure includes an electrolytic cell, an electrolyte supply unit, and an ion concentration adjustment unit. The electrolytic cell includes an anode chamber, a cathode chamber, and an ion exchange membrane disposed between the anode chamber and the cathode chamber. The electrolyte supply unit includes at least one tank accommodating an electrolyte, circulates a portion of the electrolyte as a first electrolyte between the at least one tank and the anode chamber, and circulates another portion of the electrolyte as a second electrolyte between the at least one tank and the cathode chamber. The ion concentration adjustment unit supplies an adjustment solution for adjusting a hydrogen ion concentration to the electrolyte supply unit.

LOW VOLTAGE ELECTROLYZER AND METHODS OF USING THEREOF

NºPublicación:  EP4544098A2 30/04/2025
Solicitante: 
SUBLIME SYSTEMS INC [US]
Sublime Systems, Inc
CN_119654444_PA

Resumen de: AU2023288544A1

Disclosed herein are low voltage electrolyzers and methods and systems of using those low voltage electrolyzers. Specifically, the electrolyzers can include a pH buffer in the catholyte and/or anolyte of the electrolyzer and generating a gas at the cathode or anode that is consumed at the other of the cathode or anode to reduce the open-circuit potential.

具有冷却双极电极的碱性电解槽

NºPublicación:  CN119907871A 29/04/2025
Solicitante: 
斯蒂斯达尔氢股份有限公司
CN_119907871_PA

Resumen de: AU2023359368A1

Electrolyser (1) for production of hydrogen gas and comprising a stack of bipolar electrodes (9) sandwiching ion-transporting membranes (2) between each two of the bipolar electrodes (9). Each bipolar electrode comprises two metal plates (9A, 9B) welded together back-to-back forming a coolant compartment in between and having a respective anode surface and an opposite cathode surface, each of which is abutting one of the membranes. The plates (9A, 9B) are embossed with a major vertical channel (10A, 10B) and minor channels (11A, 11B) in a herringbone pattern for transport of oxygen and hydrogen gases. The embossed herringbone pattern is provided on both sides of the metal plates (9A, 9B) so as to also provide coolant channels (11B) in a herringbone pattern inside the coolant compartment.

电解器堆、电解系统以及用于操作电解系统的方法

NºPublicación:  CN119876985A 25/04/2025
Solicitante: 
通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司
CN_119876985_PA

Resumen de: US2025129492A1

A spring plate assembly. The assembly includes spring plates with each of the spring plates having a perimeter section extending in a first plane, at least one bridge section extending from a first portion of the perimeter section to a second portion of the perimeter section, and spring elements that extend from the at least one bridge section. A first pair of adjacent spring plates are configured to engage a corresponding one of the perimeter sections when stacked in a first configuration and the first pair of adjacent spring plates are configured to engage a corresponding one of the plurality of spring elements when stacked in a second configuration.

一种海水制氢电解槽的电极及其制备方法

NºPublicación:  CN119877011A 25/04/2025
Solicitante: 
苏州莒纳新材料科技有限公司
CN_119877011_PA

Resumen de: CN119265595A

The invention belongs to the technical field of hydrogen production electrolytic cells, and particularly discloses an electrode catalyst for a hydrogen production electrolytic cell and a preparation method thereof, an electrode and an electrolytic cell, the electrode catalyst comprises first metal nanoparticles, the size of the first metal nanoparticles is smaller than or equal to 10 nm, the first metal nanoparticles form a first metal nanoparticle aggregation structure, and the first metal nanoparticles form a second metal nanoparticle aggregation structure; the size of the first nano-particle agglomerated structure is less than or equal to 65 nm; the second metal nanoparticles are distributed among the first metal nanoparticles and at least partially cover at least one part of the first metal nanoparticles, and the size of the second metal nanoparticles is smaller than or equal to 10 nm. The size of the electrode catalyst nano-particles can be controlled, agglomeration is limited, the crystallinity is reduced, and defect active sites are enriched.

AEM电解槽

NºPublicación:  CN119876982A 25/04/2025
Solicitante: 
上海莒纳新材料科技有限公司
CN_119876982_PA

Resumen de: CN116043250A

The invention provides an electrolytic bath which comprises a cathode end plate, a cathode insulating layer, an electrolytic unit, an anode insulating layer and an anode end plate which are sequentially arranged, the electrolytic bath is provided with a first ventilation channel, a second ventilation channel, a first liquid passing channel and a second liquid passing channel, and the cross section of each channel is triangular; in the direction from the cathode end plate to the anode end plate, each small electrolysis chamber comprises a cathode plate, a cathode sealing ring, a cathode gas diffusion layer, a diaphragm, an anode gas diffusion layer and an anode plate which are sequentially arranged, each cathode plate comprises a cathode surface, each anode plate comprises an anode surface, and the cathode plates and the anode plates at the series connection parts between the small electrolysis chambers form a bipolar plate; a cathode reaction cavity is formed between the cathode surface and the cathode gas diffusion layer, an anode reaction cavity is formed between the anode surface and the anode gas diffusion layer, the first ventilation channel and the first liquid channel are communicated with the cathode reaction cavity, and the second ventilation channel and the second liquid channel are communicated with the anode reaction cavity; and flow guide channels are arranged in the cathode reaction cavity and the anode reaction cavity.

HYDROGEN-PRODUCTION PLANT

NºPublicación:  WO2025082675A1 24/04/2025
Solicitante: 
RWE GENERATION SE [DE]
RWE GENERATION SE
WO_2025082675_PA

Resumen de: WO2025082675A1

The invention relates to a hydrogen-production plant comprising at least a first production line, comprising at least a first electrolysis device with a plurality of first electrolysis modules and comprising a first compressor device with a plurality of first compressor modules, and comprising a controller, comprising at least a schedule-creating module and a control module, wherein the schedule-creating module is designed for creating an activation schedule at least for the first electrolysis modules and for the first compressor modules on the basis of respective performance characteristics of the respective first electrolysis modules, respective performance characteristics of the respective first compressor modules and at least one predetermined optimization criterion, and wherein the control module is designed for activating the first compressor modules and the first electrolysis modules on the basis of the activation schedule created.

UNIT FOR PRODUCING HYDROGEN PROVIDED WITH A STOPPING SYSTEM, AND METHOD FOR STOPPING SUCH A UNIT

NºPublicación:  WO2025082916A1 24/04/2025
Solicitante: 
GENVIA [FR]
SCHLUMBERGER TECH CORPORATION [US]
SCHLUMBERGER CANADA LTD [CA]
SERVICES PETROLIERS SCHLUMBERGER [FR]
SCHLUMBERGER TECH B V [NL]
GENVIA,
SCHLUMBERGER TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION,
SCHLUMBERGER CANADA LIMITED,
SERVICES P\u00C9TROLIERS SCHLUMBERGER,
SCHLUMBERGER TECHNOLOGY B.V
WO_2025082916_PA

Resumen de: WO2025082916A1

The invention relates to a unit (200) for producing hydrogen that comprises: - a stack (102) of solid oxide cells, - an air circuit (110), and a fuel circuit (120) passing through the stack (102); characterised in that the unit (200) is equipped with a stopping system comprising: - an inlet (202) and an outlet (204) for neutral gas, for circulating a predetermined neutral gas in the stack; - an inlet (206) and an outlet (208) for safety gas, for circulating a safety gas in the stack (102); and - a control module (210) for switching the stack (102) from the production configuration to the stopped configuration. The invention also relates to a method for controlling such a unit.

DEVICE FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL REVERSIBLE DIHYDROGEN STORAGE

NºPublicación:  WO2025083095A1 24/04/2025
Solicitante: 
CENTRE NATIONAL DE LA RECHERCHE SCIENT [FR]
UNIV DE LORRAINE [FR]
CENTRE NATIONAL DE LA RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE,
UNIVERSITE DE LORRAINE
WO_2025083095_PA

Resumen de: WO2025083095A1

The invention relates to Device for electrochemical reversible dihydrogen storage (1), said device comprising: a sealed chamber (2) intended to receive an electrolytic media (3) and gaseous dihydrogen (4), connection means (5) suitable for connecting the seal chamber to a gas circuit (6) and at least one first electrode (7), and at least one second electrode (8), arranged within the sealed chamber. The at least one second electrode is suitable to oxidize dissolved gaseous dihydrogen, in the electrolytic media, and form protons and to reduce protons and form gaseous dihydrogen according to formula 1: H 2 → 2H + + 2e -, formula 1. The at least one first electrode comprises at least one redox couple My/Mx, insoluble in the electrolytic media, said at least one redox couple being arranged to exhibit at least two oxidation states and being suitable to be reduced from an oxidized state My to a reduced state Mx, and conversely, according to formula 2: M y + pe- → M x, formula 2, wherein x and y are oxidation number. An absolute potential difference | ΔE | between a redox potential of the couple H+/H2, for a predetermined electrolytic media and a predetermined pressure range of gaseous dihydrogen, and a redox potential of the at least one couple My/Mx is lower than or equal to 0.6 V.

METHANOL PRODUCTION FROM BIOMASS AND GREEN HYDROGEN

NºPublicación:  US2025129001A1 24/04/2025
Solicitante: 
FEV GROUP GMBH [DE]
FEV Group GmbH
CN_119421866_PA

Resumen de: US2025129001A1

In a process for producing methanol, a synthesis gas that has been recovered from biomass is fed to a methanol synthesis apparatus. In a main operating mode in which sufficient electrical power is available for electrolytic hydrogen recovery, correspondingly electrolytically recovered hydrogen is fed to the methanol synthesis apparatus. In a secondary operating mode in which insufficient electrical power is available for electrolytic production of hydrogen, a tail gas that arises from a biogas recovered from a biomass on removal of the synthesis gas is fed to a generator in order to provide electrical power for apparatuses involved in the process.

HYDROGEN ELECTROLYSER SYSTEM BASED ON A WIND TURBINE GENERATOR

NºPublicación:  US2025129493A1 24/04/2025
Solicitante: 
VESTAS WIND SYSTEMS AS [DK]
VESTAS WIND SYSTEMS A/S
WO_2023036387_PA

Resumen de: US2025129493A1

A hydrogen generation system comprising a wind turbine rotor coupled to a generator, wherein the generator is electrically coupled to a DC-link by way of a primary power converter, the DC-link having a power dissipation element. The system also comprises a hydrogen electrolysis system coupled to the DC-link; an auxiliary power converter coupled to the DC-link; and one or more auxiliary loads. A control system controls the voltage on the DC-link to remain with a predetermined range. In one aspect, the system provides power to at least the auxiliary loads, in such a way as to manage the generation of hydrogen by the electrolyser whilst decoupling the performance of the electrolyser from varying wind conditions.

OFFSHORE WIND POWER-BASED WATER ELECTROLYSIS SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR MAINTAINING AND MANAGING THE SAME

NºPublicación:  US2025131137A1 24/04/2025
Solicitante: 
INDUSTRY ACADEMIC COOPERATION FOUNDATION KUNSAN NATIONAL UNIV [KR]
INDUSTRY-ACADEMIC COOPERATION FOUNDATION, KUNSAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY
US_2025131137_PA

Resumen de: US2025131137A1

An offshore wind power-based water electrolysis system includes an offshore wind turbine generator installed offshore to produce electricity using offshore wind energy, a water electrolysis facility installed offshore to produce hydrogen by electrolysis of water using the electricity, a hydrogen maritime transport apparatus to transport the hydrogen produced through the water electrolysis facility to onshore, a hydrogen above-ground storage facility installed on ground to store the transported hydrogen and dispense the hydrogen to ground transport apparatuses, and a system maintenance and management apparatus to calculate and notify a remaining useful life of blades in the offshore wind turbine generator by performing debonding damage simulation, fatigue crack growth simulation and remaining useful life simulation of the blades in a sequential order, and determine and notify stability through finite element analysis for each hydrogen tank in the hydrogen maritime transport apparatus and the hydrogen above-ground storage facility.

ELECTRODE STRUCTURE, GAS DIFFUSION LAYER, AND WATER ELECTROLYZER

NºPublicación:  US2025129491A1 24/04/2025
Solicitante: 
SCREEN HOLDINGS CO LTD [JP]
SCREEN Holdings Co., Ltd
CN_119843300_PA

Resumen de: US2025129491A1

To provide a technique allowing reduction in the amount of usage of a catalyst material while alleviating performance degradation of a gas diffusion layer. A cell as an electrode structure comprises an electrolyte membrane, a gas diffusion layer, and a catalyst layer. The gas diffusion layer is positioned on one side with respect to the electrolyte membrane. The gas diffusion layer is a porous layer. The catalyst layer is positioned between the electrolyte membrane and the gas diffusion layer. The catalyst layer is made of a catalyst material. A penetration part formed in the gas diffusion layer by the penetration of the catalyst material having a thickness of 1 μm or less.

WATER COLLECTING DEVICE, WATER COLLECTING METHOD, AND WATER ELECTROLYSIS DEVICE

NºPublicación:  US2025128834A1 24/04/2025
Solicitante: 
TAKASAGO THERMAL ENG CO LTD [JP]
Takasago Thermal Engineering Co., Ltd
CN_118742707_PA

Resumen de: US2025128834A1

A water collecting device includes an ice-wall forming part configured to heat the ground to form an ice wall with ice that includes moisture in the ground, and a water collecting part configured to recover a first gas within a region surrounded by the ice wall and collect water from the recovered first gas.

ELECTROLYZER STACKS, ELECTROLYSIS SYSTEMS, AND METHODS FOR OPERATING ELECTROLYSIS SYSTEMS

Nº publicación: US2025129492A1 24/04/2025

Solicitante:

GM GLOBAL TECH OPERATIONS LLC [US]
GM GLOBAL TECHNOLOGY OPERATIONS LLC

US_2025129492_PA

Resumen de: US2025129492A1

A spring plate assembly. The assembly includes spring plates with each of the spring plates having a perimeter section extending in a first plane, at least one bridge section extending from a first portion of the perimeter section to a second portion of the perimeter section, and spring elements that extend from the at least one bridge section. A first pair of adjacent spring plates are configured to engage a corresponding one of the perimeter sections when stacked in a first configuration and the first pair of adjacent spring plates are configured to engage a corresponding one of the plurality of spring elements when stacked in a second configuration.

traducir